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France: Rhône

Arrondissements

The population of the arrondissements in the Department of Rhône according to census results and latest official estimates.

NameStatusPopulation
Census
1975-02-20
Population
Census
1982-03-04
Population
Census
1990-03-05
Population
Census
1999-03-08
Population
Estimate
2007-01-01
Population
Estimate
2015-01-01
Population
Estimate
2021-01-01
 
LyonArrondissement1,257,6511,263,0261,314,0711,368,7001,448,2111,573,2861,637,827
Villefranche-sur-SaôneArrondissement171,996182,182194,895210,169228,862248,709255,865
RhôneDepartment1,429,6471,445,2081,508,9661,578,8691,677,0731,821,9951,893,692

Contents: Communes

The population of all communes in the Department of Rhône according to census results and latest official estimates.

The Details icon links to further information about a selected place including its population structure (gender, age groups, age distribution, citizenship, immigration).

Name StatusArrondissementPopulation
Census
1975-02-20
Population
Census
1982-03-04
Population
Census
1990-03-05
Population
Census
1999-03-08
Population
Estimate
2007-01-01
Population
Estimate
2015-01-01
Population
Estimate
2021-01-01
 
AffouxCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône183189202248314348395
AigueperseCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône360267240232245253243
Albigny-sur-SaôneCommuneLyon2,4052,6532,8362,6732,7442,8362,991
AlixCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône842776665690679753766
AmbérieuxCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône326307378427542563607
AmplepuisCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône5,3405,0554,8394,9485,0705,0724,840
AmpuisCommuneLyon1,7041,7772,0512,1782,5412,7112,751
AncyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône355371448475546615677
AnseCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône3,1163,7054,4584,7445,0336,9257,947
ArnasCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône2,1162,3362,7833,1063,2123,5944,215
AveizeCommuneLyon8038109049401,0621,1291,115
AzoletteCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône12811474116119123122
BagnolsCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône438603636701735680752
BeaujeuCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône2,1791,9531,8741,9051,9972,0872,123
Beauvallon (incl. Saint-Andéol-le-Château, Chassagny)CommuneLyon1,5461,8682,4563,0593,4513,8944,135
Belleville-en-Beaujolais (incl. Saint-Jean-d'Ardières)CommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône7,9298,3908,1248,11510,03812,58813,542
Belmont-d'AzerguesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône374424509613651631705
BessenayCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,3031,5721,6111,8302,1802,2562,348
BibostCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône262320351395466571542
BlacéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9621,0711,0931,2051,3391,5351,669
BrignaisCommuneLyon6,7909,56410,03611,20711,61211,32712,388
BrindasCommuneLyon2,0973,2043,5554,5555,3415,9606,661
BronCommuneLyon44,56340,63839,68337,36938,83340,69443,049
BrulliolesCommuneLyon425441559574725821826
BrussieuCommuneLyon4456126417521,0191,3341,376
BullyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,0951,2241,4641,7392,0032,0602,076
Cailloux-sur-FontainesCommuneLyon8631,0151,7502,1722,3392,5982,937
Caluire-et-CuireCommuneLyon43,04141,93141,31141,23341,01042,29243,572
CenvesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône283308319328388407376
CerciéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône5116516488561,0111,1201,138
Chabanière (incl. Saint-Maurice-sur-Dargoire, Saint-Didier-sous-Riverie, Saint-Sorlin)CommuneLyon2,1812,6543,4663,9354,0504,1284,249
Chambost-AllièresCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône658658618617770820831
Chambost-LongessaigneCommuneLyon710675632714816935919
ChameletCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône375464510575680655700
Champagne-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon4,5164,7634,9344,9554,9625,6815,936
ChaponnayCommuneLyon1,4542,7062,9133,3173,5194,0984,465
ChaponostCommuneLyon4,6325,2786,9117,8327,9728,4369,052
Charbonnières-les-BainsCommuneLyon3,0863,9734,0334,3774,7825,0035,311
CharentayCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône7057438699931,0611,2401,265
CharlyCommuneLyon2,3922,8643,2333,8744,2464,4714,606
CharnayCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône5516097759641,0671,0671,039
ChasselayCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,4381,7082,0022,5902,6912,7662,828
ChassieuCommuneLyon3,5996,8828,5089,0499,37110,12111,092
ChâtillonCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,3811,4461,5911,8732,0932,1782,115
ChaussanCommuneLyon4175456259339491,1151,208
Chazay-d'AzerguesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône2,0542,7123,3143,9033,9064,0954,164
ChénasCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône402328372442469549538
ChéneletteCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône277270284315330331361
ChessyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9771,0981,2621,3131,5291,9822,069
ChevinayCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône276305342471533543587
ChiroublesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône409369379349354410398
Civrieux-d'AzerguesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône7688981,0991,2991,4091,5241,591
ClaveisollesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône523503519554609662564
CognyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône6977628319419901,1551,204
CoiseCommuneLyon488485556616706763791
Collonges-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon2,7862,8243,1653,4203,8494,0124,517
Colombier-SaugnieuCommuneLyon9421,1271,8332,0832,2612,5542,757
CommunayCommuneLyon1,8592,3562,9183,8833,9174,1534,508
CondrieuCommuneLyon3,1323,0783,0933,4243,6943,8833,933
CorbasCommuneLyon3,2256,3758,1019,2599,45011,05510,932
Corcelles-en-BeaujolaisCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône505564633745713911984
CoursCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône6,5286,0545,4875,0824,7264,5894,352
CourzieuCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8368801,0131,1341,1591,0711,172
Couzon-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon2,4342,4212,5642,6092,5642,6032,452
CraponneCommuneLyon4,5925,5367,0488,0028,72710,97911,903
CublizeCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9289489841,0471,2151,2571,327
Curis-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon5756227358979941,1721,179
DardillyCommuneLyon2,7434,6686,6887,5898,4148,6228,828
Décines-CharpieuCommuneLyon20,03122,83224,56424,19324,95227,36229,731
DenicéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9759791,1211,2561,2541,4601,564
Deux-Grosnes (incl. Monsols, Ouroux, Saint-Christophe)CommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,8461,7331,7401,8311,9691,8971,914
DièmeCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône567183112164202194
DommartinCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,1421,4511,6162,2882,6622,5842,519
DracéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône5135766967179169681,106
DuerneCommuneLyon526570604660751811840
ÉchalasCommuneLyon7749051,0321,1411,3691,7371,927
ÉcullyCommuneLyon17,94417,86518,36018,01117,95917,94718,361
ÉmeringesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône158143182215225242281
ÉveuxCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône5187268177949731,1971,169
FeyzinCommuneLyon7,3467,7538,5208,4699,3579,6459,850
FleurieCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,2561,1511,1051,1901,2341,2481,320
Fleurieu-sur-SaôneCommuneLyon8678989431,2861,3021,4201,501
Fleurieux-sur-l'ArbresleCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9181,4961,8402,0252,1112,3342,287
Fontaines-Saint-MartinCommuneLyon1,8262,0562,1242,7212,6983,0873,043
Fontaines-sur-SaôneCommuneLyon6,2767,0626,7606,7216,3106,8167,047
FranchevilleCommuneLyon8,0999,50010,86311,32411,70814,36115,204
FrontenasCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône320557745818786816873
GenasCommuneLyon4,7105,4719,31611,14011,53112,74113,483
GenayCommuneLyon2,3593,5444,0294,6574,8025,4195,520
GivorsCommuneLyon21,96820,54419,77718,43719,34519,37420,654
GleizéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône3,7086,5918,3178,0507,7667,4997,614
GrandrisCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,0421,0251,0681,0331,2221,1451,198
Grézieu-la-VarenneCommuneLyon2,3232,8553,2564,1334,7515,5256,094
Grézieu-le-MarchéCommuneLyon573648728742748803829
GrignyCommuneLyon10,1778,1087,4987,8738,5639,5679,851
Haute-RivoireCommuneLyon1,0421,0141,1001,1821,2951,4331,431
IrignyCommuneLyon5,2266,8287,9558,3308,2708,5838,867
JonageCommuneLyon2,2062,9385,0765,3635,7675,8496,160
JonsCommuneLyon5286631,0011,0941,2751,4561,530
JouxCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône376456512605663682751
JuliénasCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône648642703792804895885
JulliéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône408379361384412435475
LacenasCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône4554717148528629421,027
La Chapelle-sur-CoiseCommuneLyon243294313382498583568
LachassagneCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône3705106057698881,0631,264
La MulatièreCommuneLyon7,8867,7167,2966,7336,5406,2606,595
Lamure-sur-AzerguesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8267997828711,0551,0481,055
LanciéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône5375385816717191,0181,062
LantigniéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône496517536626713886854
LarajasseCommuneLyon1,3351,3581,3711,4771,6741,8561,834
L'ArbresleCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône4,0384,7845,1995,7775,9946,3606,453
La Tour-de-SalvagnyCommuneLyon1,9042,8273,2263,4023,4764,0714,272
Le BreuilCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône284273310363437501535
LégnyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône254322337449519652691
LentillyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône2,1132,5373,8194,7195,1745,3906,508
Le PerréonCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8158319011,0201,3941,5541,488
Les ArdillatsCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône369385424483539633603
Les ChèresCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône7568141,0271,0731,2351,4491,506
Les HaiesCommuneLyon376501594608727797756
Les HallesCommuneLyon227180259333456486488
Les SauvagesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône341447561575627644617
LétraCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône522566583758820937903
LimasCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône3,2163,4633,6524,1514,3864,7084,790
LimonestCommuneLyon1,9412,1312,4592,7333,0113,5833,838
LissieuCommuneLyon7342,0912,5353,0903,2343,1013,188
Loire-sur-RhôneCommuneLyon1,7881,9371,9272,1262,3282,5492,698
LongesCommuneLyon457610654763833944964
LongessaigneCommuneLyon457444483511588598595
LozanneCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,3471,7041,6452,1572,2692,6303,031
LucenayCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8781,0711,2051,3681,5811,8142,051
LyonCommuneLyon456,716413,095415,487445,452472,330513,275522,250
MarchamptCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône286295303363435448455
Marcilly-d'AzerguesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône472692714831879864942
MarcyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône250333531574646678842
Marcy-l'ÉtoileCommuneLyon6831,0332,5993,0913,1993,7893,644
MarennesCommuneLyon8041,0691,2051,4831,6151,6171,963
Meaux-la-MontagneCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône148153166163206243229
MessimyCommuneLyon1,3841,6052,0172,6963,1743,3873,543
MeysCommuneLyon563544592637674853850
MeyzieuCommuneLyon19,43526,77628,07728,00929,01432,86335,882
MilleryCommuneLyon2,1632,5023,0063,4113,4754,3414,350
MionsCommuneLyon5,0816,0449,14510,28311,39712,93813,707
MoiréCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône123141169178200200233
MontagnyCommuneLyon1,2271,8032,2022,3222,4602,8413,200
MontanayCommuneLyon9611,2571,8352,3352,6823,0893,249
Montmelas-Saint-SorlinCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône260270369367356480532
MontromantCommuneLyon320334319365403451446
MontrottierCommuneLyon9531,1571,3371,3581,3881,3701,386
MorancéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8821,3651,3871,6872,0052,0202,176
MornantCommuneLyon2,7303,3233,9004,6725,2795,5826,274
Neuville-sur-SaôneCommuneLyon5,6636,9826,7627,0627,1277,3767,721
OdenasCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône605706750735747927938
OrliénasCommuneLyon1,1841,4821,6171,9762,1822,3732,590
OullinsCommuneLyon27,77227,16826,12925,18325,60526,42827,113
Pierre-BéniteCommuneLyon10,0499,4689,5749,9639,95310,25710,515
Poleymieux-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon5767098458591,1871,3121,403
PollionnayCommuneLyon8661,0881,2621,5801,8582,3882,974
PomeysCommuneLyon6607388428249451,1361,132
PommiersCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,1961,4431,6191,8042,1492,5312,657
Porte des Pierres Dorées (incl. Pouilly-le-Monial, Liergues, Jarnioux)CommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,7762,0102,3852,6503,0723,6573,975
Poule-les-ÉcharmeauxCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8327958388349731,0951,036
PropièresCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône481434404419457454481
PusignanCommuneLyon1,8001,8762,7203,0983,4824,0114,172
Quincié-en-BeaujolaisCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,0221,0181,0591,1211,1701,3181,355
QuincieuxCommuneLyon1,5101,9202,3002,6572,8993,4563,549
RanchalCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône282293218267316314318
Régnié-DuretteCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8187749109059711,1071,148
Rillieux-la-PapeCommuneLyon30,67631,56030,79128,36729,54630,37531,247
RiverieCommuneLyon250191208267277309321
RivoletCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône342327369488542578588
Rochetaillée-sur-SaôneCommuneLyon7647799031,1341,2991,5061,543
RonnoCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône429530544596598626641
RontalonCommuneLyon6356417178961,0771,1901,164
Sain-BelCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,6051,7611,8921,9192,1532,3092,501
Saint-André-la-CôteCommuneLyon130149185182268284279
Saint-AppolinaireCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône102104101110151200235
Saint-Bonnet-de-MureCommuneLyon2,3633,2064,6045,5976,0906,8516,920
Saint-Bonnet-des-BruyèresCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône546497412384372366367
Saint-Bonnet-le-TroncyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône281268265273306306316
Saint-Clément-de-VersCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône200170177213217227204
Saint-Clément-les-PlacesCommuneLyon508426473536643635654
Saint-Clément-sur-ValsonneCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône448457467546682893911
Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon4,7634,8005,3185,3925,3855,5135,900
Saint-Cyr-le-ChatouxCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône688885107124138153
Saint-Cyr-sur-le-RhôneCommuneLyon4065208189601,1451,3111,275
Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon4,6485,1155,9676,1546,3426,5897,265
Saint-Didier-sur-BeaujeuCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône389365439402542620605
Sainte-CatherineCommuneLyon566729770856926996992
Sainte-ColombeCommuneLyon1,7221,5801,5601,8081,9231,9621,953
Sainte-ConsorceCommuneLyon7671,0171,2231,6081,8291,9092,059
Sainte-Foy-l'ArgentièreCommuneLyon1,2141,1881,1521,1671,2331,2891,291
Sainte-Foy-lès-LyonCommuneLyon21,69821,52121,45021,19322,15121,97821,858
Sainte-PauleCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône180177205245284341322
Saint-Étienne-des-OullièresCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,0931,1371,3671,5191,7682,1752,206
Saint-Étienne-la-VarenneCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône487503518608669742769
Saint-FonsCommuneLyon17,14415,29115,73515,67116,96418,15619,360
Saint-ForgeuxCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9701,0961,2321,3531,3581,4881,516
Saint-Genis-l'ArgentièreCommuneLyon5496568028609781,063987
Saint-Genis-LavalCommuneLyon13,16214,35318,78219,22120,31321,34220,929
Saint-Genis-les-OllièresCommuneLyon2,1252,7814,2114,7434,6554,7745,300
Saint-Georges-de-ReneinsCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône2,9823,1893,5093,8324,1354,3594,461
Saint-Germain-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon2,1702,1292,4292,3852,5553,0422,978
Saint-Germain-NuellesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9991,1581,3781,6261,9372,1712,245
Saint-Igny-de-VersCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône729598503553598594568
Saint-Jean-des-VignesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône202241324381396416479
Saint-Jean-la-BussièreCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9378208478629531,2121,187
Saint-JulienCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône536580641768818829902
Saint-Julien-sur-BibostCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône358361404507530562587
Saint-Just-d'AvrayCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône653576594631713754743
Saint-LagerCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8398818058749391,0211,046
Saint-Laurent-d'AgnyCommuneLyon9091,1651,4391,7681,9912,0992,132
Saint-Laurent-de-ChamoussetCommuneLyon1,3561,4061,5581,7031,8561,8871,883
Saint-Laurent-de-MureCommuneLyon2,4983,3364,5134,6944,9145,3915,621
Saint-Marcel-l'ÉclairéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône278387471508532502543
Saint-Martin-en-HautCommuneLyon2,5382,8933,0813,4293,8893,9073,891
Saint-Nizier-d'AzerguesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône554552580641685773784
Saint-Pierre-de-ChandieuCommuneLyon2,3142,6583,5234,1334,4074,5464,598
Saint-Pierre-la-PaludCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,2331,5461,8041,9832,1992,6292,587
Saint-PriestCommuneLyon36,73442,67741,87640,97440,91745,09748,822
Saint-Romain-au-Mont-d'OrCommuneLyon7429199049481,0691,1891,238
Saint-Romain-de-PopeyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône7078701,0101,2031,3981,5191,661
Saint-Romain-en-GalCommuneLyon1,3461,3491,3411,3801,6341,8001,980
Saint-Romain-en-GierCommuneLyon408477511512483573600
Saint-Symphorien-d'OzonCommuneLyon3,5374,8505,1675,0635,2175,6785,965
Saint-Symphorien-sur-CoiseCommuneLyon3,3113,2253,2113,0693,4283,6273,712
Saint-VérandCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône6367137609931,0901,1551,169
Saint-Vincent-de-ReinsCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône776757711650679657620
Salles-Arbuissonnas-en-BeaujolaisCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône459513507629746827763
SarceyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône450568690784849990987
Sathonay-CampCommuneLyon3,7164,3524,6734,3364,1675,6886,858
Sathonay-VillageCommuneLyon6751,0501,4011,6931,8702,3322,423
SavignyCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,1371,3591,5351,7971,9172,0101,975
Sérézin-du-RhôneCommuneLyon1,7271,8342,2572,3882,4612,5882,981
SimandresCommuneLyon6367821,0441,2581,5091,7261,855
SolaizeCommuneLyon1,4451,7832,0082,2562,6872,9413,082
Soucieu-en-JarrestCommuneLyon1,9332,2862,6543,2143,5944,4314,645
Sourcieux-les-MinesCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône8341,1561,3491,7621,8871,9992,094
SouzyCommuneLyon571568615578658796786
TaluyersCommuneLyon8441,1771,5111,8701,9972,5212,628
TaponasCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône304401466572833972894
TarareCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône12,04510,82210,72010,42010,67710,63910,428
Tassin-la-Demi-LuneCommuneLyon14,88615,00115,46015,97718,27821,79322,676
TernandCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône411443588625727678724
TernayCommuneLyon2,7083,8594,0854,6185,0185,4305,503
TheizéCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône7818749159991,0431,1631,309
Thizy-les-BourgsCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône7,9507,5096,8666,3496,3886,1505,869
ThurinsCommuneLyon1,6191,7922,1042,4512,7623,0153,131
ToussieuCommuneLyon1,1341,5171,6512,0192,3672,8373,195
TrèvesCommuneLyon321394471558692725735
Tupin-et-SemonsCommuneLyon272327398441601617647
Val d'Oingt (incl. Le Bois-d'Oingt, Saint-Laurent-d'Oingt, Oingt)CommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône2,1352,3682,6163,0723,4043,9514,155
ValsonneCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône449510600714820912983
VaugnerayCommuneLyon2,9843,3463,7334,3904,9275,4186,091
Vaulx-en-VelinCommuneLyon37,86644,16044,17439,15440,62647,31352,139
Vaux-en-BeaujolaisCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône5956206697669771,0781,131
VauxrenardCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône288232226275306320317
VénissieuxCommuneLyon74,34764,80460,44456,06156,93564,27366,363
VernaisonCommuneLyon3,2503,3734,0724,0004,3654,7455,140
VernayCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône9812151127115108110
VillechenèveCommuneLyon547539570610747894894
Villefranche-sur-SaôneCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône30,34128,88129,54230,64733,84036,67135,913
Ville-sur-JarniouxCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône389505571640753822811
VilleurbanneCommuneLyon116,535115,960116,872124,215138,151148,665156,928
Villié-MorgonCommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône1,5511,5161,5221,6141,7922,1082,127
Vindry-sur-Turdine (incl. Pontcharra-sur-Turdine, Saint-Loup, Les Olmes, Dareizé)CommuneVillefranche-sur-Saône2,8963,3903,8394,0324,5934,9945,282
VourlesCommuneLyon1,5051,5141,8442,7433,0453,3383,374
YzeronCommuneLyon4835606757699841,055965

Source: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, France.

Explanation: Communes in the boundaries of 1 January 2023. Since 2006, France estimates the population by using census results of different years.